Assessing the apparent viscosity of decane-water emulsion in underground porous media based on the lattice Boltzmann method

The groundwater system is one of the most important subsurface resources on Earth, which offers many services to humankind, such as irrigated agriculture, household use, and manufacturing. However, safety seriously threatened by contamination from human activities. emulsion has been proposed a potential solution for removal contaminants due its high apparent viscosity. Here we reveal pore-scale mechanism viscosity increase in decane-water emulsions lattice Boltzmann simulations. We assess effect phase saturation, interfacial tension, contact angle, porous media. Our results show that reaches maximum value when decane saturation around 20%. also find this increases with it larger decane-wet or water-wet systems than intermedia-wet